Fractures populations are not just random datasets – Part I

As always, focusing on definitions, a model is defined by google as:

model
/ˈmɒd(ə)l/
noun
a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original.
Earth, a massive layered body and the layer where we inhabitate, the crust, have a whole different mechanical behaviour to the rest of composing layers, say for instance, the underlying mantle which, in geological time, behaves as a viscous fluid although instantly is regarded as a solid.
The crust is composed in its majority of solidified, compacted sediments that, under the constant dynamics of matter and energy, can fracture and therefore, has a brittle behaviour, which is mainly controlled locally by material composition and morphology (granular versus laminar).
To study earth deformation we can be as pure physicists, and go all the way to the atomic or even quantic composition scale or just simplify macro and maybe micro observations to then find patterns and commonalities between different locations on earth based on also common or similar structural history hypotheses and then try and relate or correlate them. In simple words, one can document the observations, compilate them and study each location to a certain degree of detail.

On the Types of Unconventional Reservoirs

During the past years I have been involved on studying reservoir characterization of both unconventional and conventional reservoirs. Through the studies I carried out, I initially reached the papers by Daniel Jarvie, a highly reknown geochemist, especially for his work on Texas’ resevoirs, more especifically on the Barnett shale and also on the extension of his findings and studies applicability to other plays around the US and worldwide.

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A Bit of Geology from Seismic

When a geologist or geophysicist wants to interpret the geological setting of a sedimentary basin being studied on seismic, what he/she first observes is the nature and behavior of the reflections through the whole seismic survey, and how they interrelate.

From the sedimentological point of view, sedimentary reflections on seismic can tell us about the depositional environment and regimes, because they mainly represent bedding planes corresponding to conformable changes in these aspects, meaning that we can extract information on:

  • Energy Level during deposition
  • Sedimentation Rates
  • Environment of Deposition
  • Input Source
  • Degree in diagenesis
  • Pore Contents (fluid fill and cement)

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Shale Reservoirs

These two words represent what we know as a type of unconventional reservoirs which have revolutionized the traditional ways of finding, assessing and predicting the hydrocarbons production and their storage and flow mechanisms within the rocks.

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Unconventional Sources of Hydrocarbons

We often hear about oil and gas, but it seldom crosses our mind that these two terms represent very complex characteristics and that we can classify the sources, reservoirs, and even the fluids and mechanisms of recovery, as unconventional or conventional.

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Seismic Stratigraphy for Reservoir Characterization – Part I

Petrel - seismic to geology

Because of the high expenses the petroleum industry has to incur in order to find hydrocarbons, any tool that helps predicting what is underneath earth’s surface is very valuable and economically desirable, and reflection seismic has become a very widely used tool, which has been going through development and research, and its implementation is particularly important in exploration and evaluation on stages previous to any kind of drilling techniques application.

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Is an ancient river your Gas Supply? – Part I

rivers02-horseshoe-bend_13247_600x450

We are here today to tell you about The Rivers and what they can give you (ancient, of course).

This is the start of a story about a river that flowed many thousands of years ago, a river that dried and just led the rocks behind for you to have a giant supply of oil that would allow you to drive your car in the future.

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How do we discover the geology of million years ago for finding the Hydrocarbons?

Well, this is how we come to learn about the different tools used by people in the oil and gas industry in order to discover where the oil can be hidding… And the seismic surveys and their correct interpretation, have turned to be the most widely used and practical method to discover the different characteristics of the geology down there, as previous stage to get physically in the subsurface by drilling any kind of perforation or well.

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Where do Sedimentary Rocks come from?

The products of mechanical and chemical weathering are the ‘raw material’ for the sedimentary rocks.

These products are swept from their original location by transporting materials (fluids) like air or water. This is what we mentioned on our previous post about the depositional system concept. These processes can occur in Continental (terrestrial), Marine, Carbonate, and/or Evaporites Environments, which are many times coupled. Some examples are shown below

1. Continental (Fluvial -rivers-, Eolian -deserts-, Lacustrine -lakes-, and Glacial systems)

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